AMQP

The Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP) is a platform-neutral, wire-level protocol for message-oriented middleware. The Spring AMQP project applies core Spring concepts to the development of AMQP-based messaging solutions. Spring Boot offers several conveniences for working with AMQP through RabbitMQ, including the spring-boot-starter-amqp starter.

RabbitMQ Support

RabbitMQ is a lightweight, reliable, scalable, and portable message broker based on the AMQP protocol. Spring uses RabbitMQ to communicate through the AMQP protocol.

RabbitMQ configuration is controlled by external configuration properties in spring.rabbitmq.*. For example, you might declare the following section in application.properties:

Properties
YAML

spring.rabbitmq.host=localhost
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=admin
spring.rabbitmq.password=secret

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    host: "localhost"
    port: 5672
    username: "admin"
    password: "secret"

Alternatively, you could configure the same connection using the addresses attribute:

Properties
YAML

spring.rabbitmq.addresses=amqp://admin:secret@localhost

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    addresses: "amqp://admin:secret@localhost"

When specifying addresses that way, the host and port properties are ignored. If the address uses the amqps protocol, SSL support is enabled automatically.

See RabbitProperties for more of the supported property-based configuration options. To configure lower-level details of the RabbitMQ ConnectionFactory that is used by Spring AMQP, define a ConnectionFactoryCustomizer bean.

If a ConnectionNameStrategy bean exists in the context, it will be automatically used to name connections created by the auto-configured CachingConnectionFactory.

To make an application-wide, additive customization to the RabbitTemplate, use a RabbitTemplateCustomizer bean.

See Understanding AMQP, the protocol used by RabbitMQ for more details.

Sending a Message

Spring’s AmqpTemplate and AmqpAdmin are auto-configured, and you can autowire them directly into your own beans, as shown in the following example:

Java
Kotlin

import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpAdmin;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class MyBean {

	private final AmqpAdmin amqpAdmin;

	private final AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate;

	public MyBean(AmqpAdmin amqpAdmin, AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate) {
		this.amqpAdmin = amqpAdmin;
		this.amqpTemplate = amqpTemplate;
	}

	// ...

	public void someMethod() {
		this.amqpAdmin.getQueueInfo("someQueue");
	}

	public void someOtherMethod() {
		this.amqpTemplate.convertAndSend("hello");
	}

}

import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpAdmin
import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component

@Component
class MyBean(private val amqpAdmin: AmqpAdmin, private val amqpTemplate: AmqpTemplate) {

	// ...

	fun someMethod() {
		amqpAdmin.getQueueInfo("someQueue")
	}

	fun someOtherMethod() {
		amqpTemplate.convertAndSend("hello")
	}

}

RabbitMessagingTemplate can be injected in a similar manner. If a MessageConverter bean is defined, it is associated automatically to the auto-configured AmqpTemplate.

If necessary, any Queue that is defined as a bean is automatically used to declare a corresponding queue on the RabbitMQ instance.

To retry operations, you can enable retries on the AmqpTemplate (for example, in the event that the broker connection is lost):

Properties
YAML

spring.rabbitmq.template.retry.enabled=true
spring.rabbitmq.template.retry.initial-interval=2s

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    template:
      retry:
        enabled: true
        initial-interval: "2s"

Retries are disabled by default. You can also customize the RetryTemplate programmatically by declaring a RabbitTemplateRetrySettingsCustomizer bean.

If you need to create more RabbitTemplate instances or if you want to override the default, Spring Boot provides a RabbitTemplateConfigurer bean that you can use to initialize a RabbitTemplate with the same settings as the factories used by the auto-configuration.

Sending a Message To A Stream

To send a message to a particular stream, specify the name of the stream, as shown in the following example:

Properties
YAML

spring.rabbitmq.stream.name=my-stream

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    stream:
      name: "my-stream"

If a MessageConverter, StreamMessageConverter, or ProducerCustomizer bean is defined, it is associated automatically to the auto-configured RabbitStreamTemplate.

If you need to create more RabbitStreamTemplate instances or if you want to override the default, Spring Boot provides a RabbitStreamTemplateConfigurer bean that you can use to initialize a RabbitStreamTemplate with the same settings as the factories used by the auto-configuration.

Receiving a Message

When the Rabbit infrastructure is present, any bean can be annotated with @RabbitListener to create a listener endpoint. If no RabbitListenerContainerFactory has been defined, a default SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory is automatically configured and you can switch to a direct container using the spring.rabbitmq.listener.type property. If a