Closes #25804

PR summary

This PR introduces "dynamic clipping" of the data in 3D plots, such that data outside the axis limits is not shown. I did a deep dive into stackoverflow and found 12 separate questions asking for this sort of functionality (see that list in this comment).

All 3D plotting functions now support the axlim_clip keyword argument (default False), which when True will clip the data to the axes view limits, hiding all data outside those bounds. This clipping will be dynamically applied in real time while panning and zooming.

Please note that if one vertex of a line segment or 3D patch is clipped, the entire segment or patch will be hidden. Not being able to show partial lines or patches such that they are "smoothly" cut off at the boundaries of the view box is a limitation of the current renderer.

What's new and new gallery example image (I'm not in love with this example, but it'll do for now):

Video of the dynamic behavior, please excuse my sluggish machine:

PR checklist

• "closes #0000" is in the body of the PR description to link the related issue
• new and changed code is tested
• Plotting related features are demonstrated in an example
• New Features and API Changes are noted with a directive and release note
• Documentation complies with general and docstring guidelines