Alan Turing

**Alan Turing**
Alan Turing
	Turing in 1951
Born	Alan Mathison Turing; 23 June 1912; Maida Vale, London, England
Died	7 June 1954 (aged 41); Wilmslow, Cheshire, England; Cyanide poisoning se suicide
Fields	Logic; mathematics; cryptanalysis; computer science; mathematical and theoretical biology;
Institutions	University of Manchester; Government Code and Cypher School; National Physical Laboratory;
Alma mater	University of Cambridge (MA); Princeton University (PhD);
Doctoral advisor	Alonzo Church
Doctoral students	Robin Gandy;
Known for	Cryptanalysis of the Enigma; Turing's proof; Turing machine; Turing test; Unorganized machine; Turing pattern; Turing reduction; "The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis"; Turing paradox;
Notable awards	Smith's Prize (1936)
	Signature;

Alan Mathison Turing (23 June, 1912 - 7 June 1954) ek English mathematician aur computer scientist rahaa.

Uu pahila admii rahaa jon ki modern digital computer me kaam karis rahaa, aur pahila admii rahaa jon ki computer ke duusra chij kare ke khatir sochis rahaa. Uu logan ke batais ki computers dher rakam ke programs chalae sake hae. 1936 me Turing Turing machine ke idea ke introduce karis. Ii ek imaginary machine rahaa jon ki ek set of commands ke run karat rahaa.

Turing Turing test ke baare me bhi sochis rahaa.

Second World War ke time, Turing ek khaas admii rahaa jon ki German cipher ke turre ke kosis karis. Uske cryptanalysis ke kaaran se uu duuno Enigma machine aur Lorenz SZ 40/42 (a teletype cipher attachment codenamed "Tunny" by the British),ke break karis aur kuchh time talak Hut 8, jon ki German naval signals ke sunat rahaa, ke head rahaa.

Alan Turing ek gay admii rahaa aur uske iske khatir convist karaa gais rahaa. Uske "chemical castration" kare ke parra aur iske effect ke dui saal talak sahe ke baad uu 1954 me suicide kar liis.

Bachpan ke din aur sikchhaa

Palwaar

Turing ke janam Maida Vale, London me bhais rahaa, jab uske pitaji, Julius Mathison Turing, leave pe rahaa, aapan position Indian Civil Service (ICS) se, British Raj government , Chatrapur me, uu time ke Madras Presidency aur abhi ke Odisha state, India me.^[2]^[3] Turing ke pitaji ek clergyman, the Rev. John Robert Turing ke larrka rahaa, ek Scottish family merchants ke palwaar jon Netherlands me based rahaa aur jisme ek baronet rahaa. Turing ke maiyaa, Julius ke aurat, Ethel Sara Turing (nee Stoney) rahii, Edward Waller Stoney, chief engineer of the Madras Railways ke larrki. Stoneys Protestant Anglo-Irish gentry palwaar, duuno County Tipperary aur County Longford ke rahin, jab Ethel apne jaada time aapan bachpan ke County Clare me rahii.^[4] Julius aur Ethel ke saadi 1 October 1907 me Church of Ireland St. Bartholomew's Church on Clyde Road in Ballsbridge, Dublin me bhais rahaa^[5]

Julius ke kaam ICS se, uske palwaar ke British India lae gais, jahaan pe uske aaja Bengal Army me general rahaa. Lekin duuno Julius aur Ethel maangat rahin ki uulog ke larrkan Britain laut jaae, tab uulog Maida Vale chal de rahin,^[6] London, jahaan pe Alan Turing paida bhais rahaa 23 June 1912 ke, jaise ek blue plaque me uske janam ke ghar ke baahar recorded hae ,^[7]^[8] baad me Colonnade Hotel.^[2]^[9] Turing ke ek barraa bhaiyaa, John Ferrier Turing rahaa, Dermot Turing ke baap, 12th Baronet of the Turing baronets.^[10] 1922 me, uu Natural Wonders Every Child Should Know by Edwin Tenney Brewster ke likhis rahaa. Jon vigyanik ke aankhi ke kholis rahaa. ^[11]

Turing ke pitaji ke civil service Turing ke bachpan ke saal me active rahaa, ur uske mai-baap Hastings , United Kingdom me^[12] aur India ke biich me travel karat rahin, aapan dui larrka ke ek retired Army couple ke saathe chhorr ke. Hastings me, Turing Baston Lodge, Upper Maze Hill, St Leonards-on-Sea me rahat rahaa, jon abhi blue plaque se marked hae.^[13] Ii plaque ke 23 June 2012 ke unveil karaa gais rahaa, Turing ke janam ke sau saal pe.^[14]

Bahut pahile aapan jindagi me, Turing ke maai-baap ek ghar Guildford me, 1927 me kharide rahin, aur Turing huan pe school ke chhutti me rahat rahaa. Ii jagha ke bhi ek blue plaque se mark karaa gais hae.^[15]

↑
- Beatrice Worsley<ref name='bowen19'>Bowen, Jonathan P. (2019). "The Impact of Alan Turing: Formal Methods and Beyond". In Bowen, Jonathan P.; Liu, Zhiming; Zhang, Zili. Engineering Trustworthy Software Systems. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 11430. Cham: Springer. pp. 202–235. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-17601-3_5. ISBN 978-3-030-17600-6. http://researchopen.lsbu.ac.uk/3224/1/setss2018.pdf. Archived 9 Actobar 2022 at Ghost Archive
1 2 Hodges 1983, p. 5.
↑ "The Alan Turing Internet Scrapbook". Alan Turing: The Enigma. Archived from the original on 14 June 2012. Retrieved 2 January 2012.
↑ Maguire, Phil. "An Irishman's Diary", 23 June 2012, p. 5.
↑ Irish Marriages 1845–1958 / Dublin South, Dublin, Ireland / Group Registration ID 1990366, SR District/Reg Area, Dublin South
↑ "London Blue Plaques". English Heritage. Archived from the original on 3 September 2009. Retrieved 10 February 2007.
↑ "The Scientific Tourist In London: #17 Alan Turing's Birth Place". Nature London Blog. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013.,
↑ Template:Openplaque
↑ "The Alan Turing Internet Scrapbook". Archived from the original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 26 September 2006.
↑ "Sir John Dermot Turing". Bletchley Park. Archived from the original on 18 October 2017.
↑ Hodges 1983, p. 16.
↑ Hodges 1983, p. 6.
↑ "Plaque unveiled at Turing's home in St Leonards", Hastings & St. Leonards Observer, 29 June 2012.
↑ "St Leonards plaque marks Alan Turing's early years", BBC News, 25 June 2012.
↑ "Guildford Dragon NEWS", 29 November 2012. Archived 19 Actobar 2013 at the Wayback Machine

[gandyphd-1] 
Beatrice Worsley<ref name='bowen19'>Bowen, Jonathan P. (2019). "The Impact of Alan Turing: Formal Methods and Beyond". In Bowen, Jonathan P.; Liu, Zhiming; Zhang, Zili. Engineering Trustworthy Software Systems. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 11430. Cham: Springer. pp. 202–235. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-17601-3_5. ISBN 978-3-030-17600-6. http://researchopen.lsbu.ac.uk/3224/1/setss2018.pdf. Archived 9 Actobar 2022 at Ghost Archive

[mwlA] Beatrice Worsley<ref name='bowen19'>Bowen, Jonathan P. (2019). "The Impact of Alan Turing: Formal Methods and Beyond". In Bowen, Jonathan P.; Liu, Zhiming; Zhang, Zili. Engineering Trustworthy Software Systems. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 11430. Cham: Springer. pp. 202–235. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-17601-3_5. ISBN 978-3-030-17600-6. http://researchopen.lsbu.ac.uk/3224/1/setss2018.pdf. Archived 9 Actobar 2022 at Ghost Archive

[FOOTNOTEHodges19835-2] 1 2 Hodges 1983, p. 5.

[3] "The Alan Turing Internet Scrapbook". Alan Turing: The Enigma. Archived from the original on 14 June 2012. Retrieved 2 January 2012.

[4] Maguire, Phil. "An Irishman's Diary", 23 June 2012, p. 5.

[5] Irish Marriages 1845–1958 / Dublin South, Dublin, Ireland / Group Registration ID 1990366, SR District/Reg Area, Dublin South

[englishheritaget-6] "London Blue Plaques". English Heritage. Archived from the original on 3 September 2009. Retrieved 10 February 2007.

[7] "The Scientific Tourist In London: #17 Alan Turing's Birth Place". Nature London Blog. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013.,

[8] Template:Openplaque

[turingorguk-9] "The Alan Turing Internet Scrapbook". Archived from the original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 26 September 2006.

[10] "Sir John Dermot Turing". Bletchley Park. Archived from the original on 18 October 2017.

[FOOTNOTEHodges198316-11] Hodges 1983, p. 16.

[FOOTNOTEHodges19836-12] Hodges 1983, p. 6.

[Hastings_&_St._Leonards_Observer_-_29_June_2012_-_Plaque_unveiled_at_Turing's_home_in_St_Leonards-13] "Plaque unveiled at Turing's home in St Leonards", Hastings & St. Leonards Observer, 29 June 2012.

[BBC_News_-_25_June_2012_-_St_Leonards_plaque_marks_Alan_Turing's_early_years-14] "St Leonards plaque marks Alan Turing's early years", BBC News, 25 June 2012.

[15] "Guildford Dragon NEWS", 29 November 2012. Archived 19 Actobar 2013 at the Wayback Machine

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