Object Protocol

PyObject* Py_NotImplemented

The NotImplemented singleton, used to signal that an operation is not implemented for the given type combination.

Py_RETURN_NOTIMPLEMENTED

Properly handle returning Py_NotImplemented from within a C function (that is, increment the reference count of NotImplemented and return it).

int PyObject_Print(PyObject *o, FILE *fp, int flags)

Print an object o, on file fp. Returns -1 on error. The flags argument is used to enable certain printing options. The only option currently supported is Py_PRINT_RAW; if given, the str() of the object is written instead of the repr().

int PyObject_HasAttr(PyObject *o, PyObject *attr_name)

Returns 1 if o has the attribute attr_name, and 0 otherwise. This is equivalent to the Python expression hasattr(o, attr_name). This function always succeeds.

int PyObject_HasAttrString(PyObject *o, const char *attr_name)

Returns 1 if o has the attribute attr_name, and 0 otherwise. This is equivalent to the Python expression hasattr(o, attr_name). This function always succeeds.

PyObject* PyObject_GetAttr(PyObject *o, PyObject *attr_name)

Return value: New reference.

Retrieve an attribute named attr_name from object o. Returns the attribute value on success, or NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression o.attr_name.

PyObject* PyObject_GetAttrString(PyObject *o, const char *attr_name