2. 內建函式¶

Python 直譯器有內建數十個函式，隨時都可以使用這些函式。以下按照英文字母排序列出。

		內建函式
`abs()`	`delattr()`	`hash()`	`memoryview()`	`set()`
`all()`	`dict()`	`help()`	`min()`	`setattr()`
`any()`	`dir()`	`hex()`	`next()`	`slice()`
`ascii()`	`divmod()`	`id()`	`object()`	`sorted()`
`bin()`	`enumerate()`	`input()`	`oct()`	`staticmethod()`
`bool()`	`eval()`	`int()`	`open()`	`str()`
`breakpoint()`	`exec()`	`isinstance()`	`ord()`	`sum()`
`bytearray()`	`filter()`	`issubclass()`	`pow()`	`super()`
`bytes()`	`float()`	`iter()`	`print()`	`tuple()`
`callable()`	`format()`	`len()`	`property()`	`type()`
`chr()`	`frozenset()`	`list()`	`range()`	`vars()`
`classmethod()`	`getattr()`	`locals()`	`repr()`	`zip()`
`compile()`	`globals()`	`map()`	`reversed()`	`__import__()`
`complex()`	`hasattr()`	`max()`	`round()`

abs(x)¶: Return the absolute value of a number. The argument may be an integer or a floating point number. If the argument is a complex number, its magnitude is returned.

all(iterable)¶

Return True if all elements of the iterable are true (or if the iterable is empty). Equivalent to:

def all(iterable):
    for element in iterable:
        if not element:
            return False
    return True

any(iterable)¶

Return True if any element of the iterable is true. If the iterable is empty, return False. Equivalent to:

def any(iterable):
    for element in iterable:
        if element:
            return True
    return False

ascii(object)¶: As repr(), return a string containing a printable representation of an object, but escape the non-ASCII characters in the string returned by repr() using \x, \u or \U escapes. This generates a string similar to that returned by repr() in Python 2.

bin(x)¶

Convert an integer number to a binary string prefixed with 「0b」. The result is a valid Python expression. If x is not a Python int object, it has to define an __index__() method that returns an integer. Some examples:

>>> bin(3)
'0b11'
>>> bin(-10)
'-0b1010'

If prefix 「0b」 is desired or not, you can use either of the following ways.

>>> format(14, '#b'), format(14, 'b')
('0b1110', '1110')
>>> f'{14:#b}', f'{14:b}'
('0b1110', '1110')

See also format() for more information.

class bool([x])¶: Return a Boolean value, i.e. one of True or False. x is converted using the standard truth testing procedure. If x is false or omitted, this returns False; otherwise it returns True. The bool class is a subclass of int (see Numeric Types — int, float, complex). It cannot be subclassed further. Its only instances are False and True (see Boolean Values).

breakpoint(*args, **kws)¶: This function drops you into the debugger at the call site. Specifically, it calls sys.breakpointhook(), passing args and kws straight through. By default, sys.breakpointhook() calls pdb.set_trace() expecting no arguments. In this case, it is purely a convenience function so you don’t have to explicitly import pdb or type as much code to enter the debugger. However, sys.breakpointhook() can be set to some other function and breakpoint() will automatically call that, allowing you to drop into the debugger of choice.

3.7 版新加入.

class bytearray([source[, encoding[, errors]]])

Return a new array of bytes. The bytearray class is a mutable sequence of integers in the range 0 <= x < 256. It has most of the usual methods of mutable sequences, described in Mutable Sequence Types, as well as most methods that the bytes type has, see Bytes and Bytearray Operations.

The optional source parameter can be used to initialize the array in a few different ways:

If it is a string, you must also give the encoding (and optionally, errors) parameters; bytearray() then converts the string to bytes using str.encode().
If it is an integer, the array will have that size and will be initialized with null bytes.
If it is an object conforming to the buffer interface, a read-only buffer of the object will be used to initialize the bytes array.
If it is an iterable, it must be an iterable of integers in the range 0 <= x < 256, which are used as the initial contents of the array.

Without an argument, an array of size 0 is created.

class bytes([source[, encoding[, errors]]])

Return a new 「bytes」 object, which is an immutable sequence of integers in the range 0 <= x < 256. bytes is an immutable version of bytearray – it has the same non-mutating methods and the same indexing and slicing behavior.

Accordingly, constructor arguments are interpreted as for bytearray().

Bytes objects can also be created with literals, see String and Bytes literals.

callable(object)¶