curses --- 字元儲存格顯示的終端處理

原始碼：Lib/curses

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The curses module provides an interface to the curses library, the de-facto standard for portable advanced terminal handling.

While curses is most widely used in the Unix environment, versions are available for Windows, DOS, and possibly other systems as well. This extension module is designed to match the API of ncurses, an open-source curses library hosted on Linux and the BSD variants of Unix.

可用性: not Android, not iOS, not WASI.

此模組在行動平台或 WebAssembly 平台上不支援。

This is an optional module. If it is missing from your copy of CPython, look for documentation from your distributor (that is, whoever provided Python to you). If you are the distributor, see 可選模組的需求.

可用性: Unix.

備註

Whenever the documentation mentions a character it can be specified as an integer, a one-character Unicode string or a one-byte byte string.

Whenever the documentation mentions a character string it can be specified as a Unicode string or a byte string.

也參考

curses.ascii 模組

Utilities for working with ASCII characters, regardless of your locale settings.

curses.panel 模組

A panel stack extension that adds depth to curses windows.

curses.textpad 模組

Editable text widget for curses supporting Emacs-like bindings.

Curses Programming with Python

Tutorial material on using curses with Python, by Andrew Kuchling and Eric Raymond.

函式

curses 模組定義了以下例外：

exception curses.error

Exception raised when a curses library function returns an error.

備註

Whenever x or y arguments to a function or a method are optional, they default to the current cursor location. Whenever attr is optional, it defaults to A_NORMAL.

curses 模組定義了以下函式：

curses.assume_default_colors(fg, bg, /)

Allow use of default values for colors on terminals supporting this feature. Use this to support transparency in your application.

• Assign terminal default foreground/background colors to color number -1. So init_pair(x, COLOR_RED, -1) will initialize pair x as red on default background and init_pair(x, -1, COLOR_BLUE) will initialize pair x as default foreground on blue.

• Change the definition of the color-pair 0 to (fg, bg).

在 3.14 版被加入.

curses.baudrate()

Return the output speed of the terminal in bits per second. On software terminal emulators it will have a fixed high value. Included for historical reasons; in former times, it was used to write output loops for time delays and occasionally to change interfaces depending on the line speed.

curses.beep()

Emit a short attention sound.

curses.can_change_color()

Return True or False, depending on whether the programmer can change the colors displayed by the terminal.

curses.cbreak()

Enter cbreak mode. In cbreak mode (sometimes called "rare" mode) normal tty line buffering is turned off and characters are available to be read one by one. However, unlike raw mode, special characters (interrupt, quit, suspend, and flow control) retain their effects on the tty driver and calling program. Calling first raw() then cbreak() leaves the terminal in cbreak mode.

curses.color_content(color_number)

Return the intensity of the red, green, and blue (RGB) components in the color color_number, which must be between 0 and COLORS - 1. Return a 3-tuple, containing the R,G,B values for the given color, which will be between 0 (no component) and 1000 (maximum amount of component).

curses.color_pair(pair_number)

Return the attribute value for displaying text in the specified color pair. Only the first 256 color pairs are supported. This attribute value can be combined with A_STANDOUT, A_REVERSE, and the other A_* attributes. pair_number() is the counterpart to this function.

curses.curs_set(visibility)

Set the cursor state. visibility can be set to 0, 1, or 2, for invisible, normal, or very visible. If the terminal supports the visibility requested, return the previous cursor state; otherwise raise an exception. On many terminals, the "visible" mode is an underline cursor and the "very visible" mode is a block cursor.

curses.def_prog_mode()

Save the current terminal mode as the "program" mode, the mode when the running program is using curses. (Its counterpart is the "shell" mode, for when the program is not in curses.) Subsequent calls to reset_prog_mode() will restore this mode.

curses.def_shell_mode()

Save the current terminal mode as the "shell" mode, the mode when the running program is not using curses. (Its counterpart is the "program" mode, when the program is using curses capabilities.) Subsequent calls to reset_shell_mode() will restore this mode.

curses.delay_output(ms)

Insert an ms millisecond pause in output.

curses.doupdate()

Update the physical screen. The curses library keeps two data structures, one representing the current physical screen contents and a virtual screen representing the desired next state. The doupdate() ground updates the physical screen to match the virtual screen.

The virtual screen may be updated by a noutrefresh() call after write operations such as addstr() have been performed on a window. The normal refresh() call is simply noutrefresh() followed by doupdate(); if you have to update multiple windows, you can speed performance and perhaps reduce screen flicker by issuing noutrefresh() calls on all windows, followed by a single doupdate().

curses.echo()

Enter echo mode. In echo mode, each character input is echoed to the screen as it is entered.

curses.endwin()

De-initialize the library, and return terminal to normal status.

curses.erasechar()

Return the user's current erase character as a one-byte bytes object. Under Unix operating systems this is a property of the controlling tty of the curses program, and is not set by the curses library itself.

curses.filter()

The filter() routine, if used, must be called before initscr() is called. The effect is that, during those calls, LINES is set to 1; the capabilities clear, cup, cud, cud1, cuu1, cuu, vpa are disabled; and the home string is set to the value of cr. The effect is that the cursor is confined to the current line, and so are screen updates. This may be used for enabling character-at-a-time line editing without touching the rest of the screen.

curses.flash()

Flash the screen. That is, change it to reverse-video and then change it back in a short interval. Some people prefer such as 'visible bell' to the audible attention signal produced by beep().

curses.flushinp()

Flush all input buffers. This throws away any typeahead that has been typed by the user and has not yet been processed by the program.

curses.getmouse()

After getch() returns KEY_MOUSE to signal a mouse event, this method should be called to retrieve the queued mouse event, represented as a 5-tuple (id, x, y, z, bstate). id is an ID value used to distinguish multiple devices, and x, y, z are the event's coordinates. (z is currently unused.) bstate is an integer value whose bits will be set to indicate the type of event, and will be the bitwise OR of one or more of the following constants, where n is the button number from 1 to 5: BUTTONn_PRESSED, BUTTONn_RELEASED, BUTTONn_CLICKED, BUTTONn_DOUBLE_CLICKED, BUTTONn_TRIPLE_CLICKED, BUTTON_SHIFT, BUTTON_CTRL, BUTTON_ALT.

在 3.10 版的變更: The BUTTON5_* constants are now exposed if they are provided by the underlying curses library.

curses.getsyx()

Return the current coordinates of the virtual screen cursor as a tuple (y, x). If leaveok is currently True, then return (-1, -1).

curses.getwin(file)

Read window related data stored in the file by an earlier window.putwin() call. The routine then creates and initializes a new window using that data, returning the new window object.

curses.has_colors()

Return True if the terminal can display colors; otherwise, return False.

curses.has_extended_color_support()

Return True if the module supports extended colors; otherwise, return False. Extended color support allows more than 256 color pairs for terminals that support more than 16 colors (e.g. xterm-256color).

Extended color support requires ncurses version 6.1 or later.

在 3.10 版被加入.

curses.has_ic()

Return True if the terminal has insert- and delete-character capabilities. This function is included for historical reasons only, as all modern software terminal emulators have such capabilities.

curses.has_il()

Return True if the terminal has insert- and delete-line capabilities, or can simulate them using scrolling regions. This function is included for historical reasons only, as all modern software terminal emulators have such capabilities.

curses.has_key(ch)

Take a key value ch, and return True if the current terminal type recognizes a key with that value.

curses.halfdelay(tenths)

Used for half-delay mode, which is similar to cbreak mode in that characters typed by the user are immediately available to the program. However, after blocking for tenths tenths of seconds, raise an exception if nothing has been typed. The value of tenths must be a number between 1 and 255. Use nocbreak() to leave half-delay mode.

curses.init_color(color_number, r, g, b)

Change the definition of a color, taking the number of the color to be changed followed by three RGB values (for the amounts of red, green, and blue components). The value of color_number must be between 0 and COLORS - 1. Each of r, g, b, must be a value between 0 and 1000. When init_color() is used, all occurrences of that color on the screen immediately change to the new definition. This function is a no-op on most terminals; it is active only if can_change_color() returns True.

curses.init_pair(pair_number, fg, bg)

Change the definition of a color-pair. It takes three arguments: the number of the color-pair to be changed, the foreground color number, and the background color number. The value of pair_number must be between 1 and COLOR_PAIRS - 1 (the 0 color pair can only be changed by use_default_colors() and assume_default_colors()). The value of fg and bg arguments must be between 0 and COLORS - 1, or, after calling use_default_colors() or assume_default_colors(), -1. If the color-pair was previously initialized, the screen is refreshed and all occurrences of that color-pair are changed to the new definition.

curses.initscr()

Initialize the library. Return a window object which represents the whole screen.

備註

If there is an error opening the terminal, the underlying curses library may cause the interpreter to exit.

curses.is_term_resized(nlines, ncols)

Return True if resize_term() would modify the window structure, False otherwise.

curses.isendwin()

Return True if endwin() has been called (that is, the curses library has been deinitialized).

curses.keyname(k)