email.utils：雜項工具

原始碼：Lib/email/utils.py

There are a couple of useful utilities provided in the email.utils module:

email.utils.localtime(dt=None)

Return local time as an aware datetime object. If called without arguments, return current time. Otherwise dt argument should be a datetime instance, and it is converted to the local time zone according to the system time zone database. If dt is naive (that is, dt.tzinfo is None), it is assumed to be in local time.

在 3.3 版被加入.

自從版本 3.12 後不推薦使用，已從版本 3.14 中移除。: The isdst parameter.

email.utils.make_msgid(idstring=None, domain=None)

Returns a string suitable for an RFC 2822-compliant Message-ID header. Optional idstring if given, is a string used to strengthen the uniqueness of the message id. Optional domain if given provides the portion of the msgid after the '@'. The default is the local hostname. It is not normally necessary to override this default, but may be useful certain cases, such as a constructing distributed system that uses a consistent domain name across multiple hosts.

在 3.2 版的變更: 新增 domain 關鍵字。

The remaining functions are part of the legacy (Compat32) email API. There is no need to directly use these with the new API, since the parsing and formatting they provide is done automatically by the header parsing machinery of the new API.

email.utils.quote(str)

Return a new string with backslashes in str replaced by two backslashes, and double quotes replaced by backslash-double quote.

email.utils.unquote(str)

Return a new string which is an unquoted version of str. If str ends and begins with double quotes, they are stripped off. Likewise if str ends and begins with angle brackets, they are stripped off.

email.utils.parseaddr(address, *, strict=True)

Parse address -- which should be the value of some address-containing field such as To or Cc -- into its constituent realname and email address parts. Returns a tuple of that information, unless the parse fails, in which case a 2-tuple of ('', '') is returned.

If strict is true, use a strict parser which rejects malformed inputs.

在 3.13 版的變更: Add strict optional parameter and reject malformed inputs by default.

email.utils.formataddr(pair, charset='utf-8')

The inverse of parseaddr(), this takes a 2-tuple of the form (realname, email_address) and returns the string value suitable for a To or Cc header. If the first element of pair is false, then the second element is returned unmodified.

Optional charset is the character set that will be used in the RFC 2047 encoding of the realname if the realname contains non-ASCII characters. Can be an instance of str or a Charset. Defaults to utf-8.

在 3.3 版的變更: 新增 charset 選項。

email.utils.getaddresses(fieldvalues, *, strict=True)

This method returns a list of 2-tuples of the form returned by parseaddr(). fieldvalues is a sequence of header field values as might be returned by Message.get_all.

If strict is true, use a strict parser which rejects malformed inputs.

Here's a simple example that gets all the recipients of a message:

from email.utils import getaddresses

tos = msg.get_all('to', [])
ccs = msg.get_all('cc', [])
resent_tos = msg.get_all('resent-to', [])
resent_ccs = msg.get_all('resent-cc', [])
all_recipients = getaddresses(tos + ccs + resent_tos + resent_ccs)

在 3.13 版的變更: Add strict optional parameter and reject malformed inputs by default.

email.utils.parsedate(date)

Attempts to parse a date according to the rules in RFC 2822. however, some mailers don't follow that format as specified, so parsedate() tries to guess correctly in such cases. date is a string containing an RFC 2822 date, such as