mimetypes --- 將檔案名稱對映到 MIME 類型

原始碼：Lib/mimetypes.py

The mimetypes module converts between a filename or URL and the MIME type associated with the filename extension. Conversions are provided from filename to MIME type and from MIME type to filename extension; encodings are not supported for the latter conversion.

The module provides one class and a number of convenience functions. The functions are the normal interface to this module, but some applications may be interested in the class as well.

The functions described below provide the primary interface for this module. If the module has not been initialized, they will call init() if they rely on the information init() sets up.

mimetypes.guess_type(url, strict=True)

Guess the type of a file based on its filename, path or URL, given by url. URL can be a string or a path-like object.

The return value is a tuple (type, encoding) where type is None if the type can't be guessed (missing or unknown suffix) or a string of the form 'type/subtype', usable for a MIME content-type header.

encoding is None for no encoding or the name of the program used to encode (e.g. compress or gzip). The encoding is suitable for use as a Content-Encoding header, not as a Content-Transfer-Encoding header. The mappings are table driven. Encoding suffixes are case sensitive; type suffixes are first tried case sensitively, then case insensitively.

The optional strict argument is a flag specifying whether the list of known MIME types is limited to only the official types registered with IANA. However, the behavior of this module also depends on the underlying operating system. Only file types recognized by the OS or explicitly registered with Python's internal database can be identified. When strict is True (the default), only the IANA types are supported; when strict is False, some additional non-standard but commonly used MIME types are also recognized.

在 3.8 版的變更: 新增 url 做為 path-like object 的支援。

Soft deprecated since version 3.13: Passing a file path instead of URL is soft deprecated. Use guess_file_type() for this.

mimetypes.guess_file_type(path, *, strict=True)

Guess the type of a file based on its path, given by path. Similar to the guess_type() function, but accepts a path instead of URL. Path can be a string, a bytes object or a path-like object.

在 3.13 版被加入.

mimetypes.guess_all_extensions(type, strict=True)

Guess the extensions for a file based on its MIME type, given by type. The return value is a list of strings giving all possible filename extensions, including the leading dot ('.'). The extensions are not guaranteed to have been associated with any particular data stream, but would be mapped to the MIME type type by guess_type() and guess_file_type().

The optional strict argument has the same meaning as with the guess_type() function.

mimetypes.guess_extension(type, strict=True)

Guess the extension for a file based on its MIME type, given by type. The return value is a string giving a filename extension, including the leading dot ('.'). The extension is not guaranteed to have been associated with any particular data stream, but would be mapped to the MIME type type by guess_type() and guess_file_type(). If no extension can be guessed for type, None is returned.

The optional strict argument has the same meaning as with the guess_type() function.

Some additional functions and data items are available for controlling the behavior of the module.

mimetypes.init(files=None)

Initialize the internal data structures. If given, files must be a sequence of file names which should be used to augment the default type map. If omitted, the file names to use are taken from knownfiles; on Windows, the current registry settings are loaded. Each file named in files or knownfiles takes precedence over those named before it. Calling init() repeatedly is allowed.

Specifying an empty list for files will prevent the system defaults from being applied: only the well-known values will be present from a built-in list.

If files is None the internal data structure is completely rebuilt to its initial default value. This is a stable operation and will produce the same results when called multiple times.

在 3.2 版的變更: 先前 Windows 登錄設定會被忽略。

mimetypes.read_mime_types(filename)

Load the type map given in the file filename, if it exists. The type map is returned as a dictionary mapping filename extensions, including the leading dot ('.'), to strings of the form 'type/subtype'. If the file filename does not exist or cannot be read, None is returned.

mimetypes.add_type(type,