stat --- 直譯 stat() 的結果

原始碼：Lib/stat.py

The stat module defines constants and functions for interpreting the results of os.stat(), os.fstat() and os.lstat() (if they exist). For complete details about the stat(), fstat() and lstat() calls, consult the documentation for your system.

在 3.4 版的變更: The stat module is backed by a C implementation.

stat 模組定義了以下函式，用於測試特定檔案類型：

stat.S_ISDIR(mode)

Return non-zero if the mode is from a directory.

stat.S_ISCHR(mode)

Return non-zero if the mode is from a character special device file.

stat.S_ISBLK(mode)

Return non-zero if the mode is from a block special device file.

stat.S_ISREG(mode)

Return non-zero if the mode is from a regular file.

stat.S_ISFIFO(mode)

Return non-zero if the mode is from a FIFO (named pipe).

stat.S_ISLNK(mode)

Return non-zero if the mode is from a symbolic link.

stat.S_ISSOCK(mode)

Return non-zero if the mode is from a socket.

stat.S_ISDOOR(mode)

Return non-zero if the mode is from a door.

在 3.4 版被加入.

stat.S_ISPORT(mode)

Return non-zero if the mode is from an event port.

在 3.4 版被加入.

stat.S_ISWHT(mode)

Return non-zero if the mode is from a whiteout.

在 3.4 版被加入.

Two additional functions are defined for more general manipulation of the file's mode:

stat.S_IMODE(mode)

Return the portion of the file's mode that can be set by os.chmod()---that is, the file's permission bits, plus the sticky bit, set-group-id, and set-user-id bits (on systems that support them).

stat.S_IFMT(mode)

Return the portion of the file's mode that describes the file type (used by the S_IS*() functions above).

Normally, you would use the os.path.is*() functions for testing the type of a file; the functions here are useful when you are doing multiple tests of the same file and wish to avoid the overhead of the stat() system call for each test. These are also useful when checking for information about a file that isn't handled by os.path, like the tests for block and character devices.

範例：

import os, sys
from stat import *

def walktree(top, callback):
    '''recursively descend the directory tree rooted at top,
       calling the callback function for each regular file'''

    for f in os.listdir(top):
        pathname = os.path.join(top, f)
        mode = os.lstat(pathname).st_mode
        if S_ISDIR(mode):
            # It's a directory, recurse into it
            walktree(pathname, callback)
        elif S_ISREG(mode):
            # It's a file, call the callback function
            callback(pathname)
        else:
            # Unknown file type, print a message
            print('Skipping %s' % pathname)

def visitfile(file):
    print('visiting', file)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    walktree(sys.argv[1], visitfile)

An additional utility function is provided to convert a file's mode in a human readable string:

stat.filemode(mode)

Convert a file's mode to a string of the form '-rwxrwxrwx'.

在 3.3 版被加入.

在 3.4 版的變更: The function supports S_IFDOOR, S_IFPORT and S_IFWHT.

All the variables below are simply symbolic indexes into the 10-tuple returned by os.stat(), os.fstat() or os.lstat().

stat.ST_MODE

Inode protection mode.

stat.ST_INO

Inode number.

stat.ST_DEV

Device inode resides on.

Number of links to the inode.

stat.ST_UID

User id of the owner.

stat.ST_GID

Group id of the owner.

stat.ST_SIZE

Size in bytes of a plain file; amount of data waiting on some special files.

stat.ST_ATIME

Time of last access.

stat.ST_MTIME

Time of last modification.

stat.ST_CTIME

The "ctime" as reported by the operating system. On some systems (like Unix) is the time of the last metadata change, and, on others (like Windows), is the creation time (see platform documentation for details).

The interpretation of "file size" changes according to the file type. For plain files this is the size of the file in bytes. For FIFOs and sockets under most flavors of Unix (including Linux in particular), the "size" is the number of bytes waiting to be read at the time of the call to